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Home Medicina Rak debelog crijeva
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Ponedjeljak, 24 Travanj 2017 06:42

rak-debelog-crijeva

Rizik od razvoja raka debelog crijeva znatno raste nakon 40. godine života, a 90% svih karcinoma otkrije se u osoba starijih od 50 godina. Rak debelog crijeva jedna je od najčešćih zloćudnih bolesti kod oba spola. Kirurški zahvat je osnovni oblik liječenja, a preventivnim testovima i pregledima može se otkriti u ranoj fazi, ali redoviti godišnji preventivni pregled kolonoskopije smanjuje rizičnost za ovu bolest.

 

 

Ako jedete namirnice siromašne vlaknima, a bogate mastima i kolesterolom, možda ste u opasnosti za razvijanje ove bolesti. Nastanak karcinoma debelog crijeva povezuje se, kao i nastanak polipa, s prehranom koja sadrži velike količine životinjskih masti i mesa.Vjeruje se kako redovna tjelesna aktivnost smanjuje rizik.

Prema do sada prikupljenim podacima nacionalnog programa za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva može se zaključiti da se u hrvatskoj populaciji rak debelog crijeva ne otkriva rano. Svega 18 % bolesnika ima rak u početnoj fazi, u 29% slučajeva rak se proširio u limfne čvorove, a u 17 % slučajeva dao je metastaze u udaljene organe, podaci su Hrvatske lige protiv raka.

U početku bolest nema simptoma, no kada se pojave to može biti bol u trbuhu, promjena učestalosti/oblika stolice (proljev/zatvor) te pojava krvi u stolici - svježa krv u tragovima (hematokezija) ili crna stolica poput katrana (melena). Slabost, anemija, osjećaj nepotpunog pražnjenja crijeva i neobjašnjivi gubitak tjelesne mase rjeđe se javljaju.

Simptomi

Ostali mogući simptomi su napuhanost (abdominalna distenzija), mučnina, povraćanje, umor.

1. Umor

Umor je simptom koji može biti povezan s mnogim raznim tegobama i bolestima, no ako osjećate gubitak daha i slabost, obratite pozornost i na druge moguće simptome ove bolesti.

2. Anemija

Niska razina hemoglobina u krvi može biti simptom raka debelog crijeva, a obična krvna slika može dati uvid u to. Ako sumnjate na anemiju, javite se svom liječniku. Ako je utvrđeno da imate nisku razinu hemoglobina, preporučuje se provesti kolonoskopiju i pregled gastrointestinalnog trakta.

3. Krvava stolica

Krv u stolici znak je koji se nikako ne bi trebao ignorirati. Iako može biti više uzroka, bitno je što prije utvrditi o čemu je riječ i započeti liječenje. Ako je prisutna krv svijetlo crvena, odmah se javite liječniku na pregled.

4. Bolovi u trbuhu

Bolovi u trbuhu mogu se javiti zbog rasta tumora u crijevima, stoga ako osjetite bolove u ovom području i oni ustraju, nemojte oklijevati. Mnogo je razloga za bol u trbušnoj šupljini, no nemojte riskirati.

Svakako se počnite baviti tjelesnom aktivnošću, barem i šetnjom, jer prema istraživanjima, polusatna svakodnevna šetnja smanjuje rizik od raka debelog crijevaVitamin D može pomoći u zaštiti od raka debelog crijeva, tvrde kineski istraživači koji su analizirali rezultate 18 studija s više od 10.000 ispitanika.

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